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Hair tourniquet syndrome (HTS) is rare clinical phenomenon in which body appendage is circumferentially entangled by string of hair leading to ischemia and necrosis or even autoamputation of the appendage. HTS commonly affects toes, finger or genitalia. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention lead to good outcome. This article presents a case of hair tourniquet syndrome of labia minora, a rare presentation in 14 year child.
ABSTRACT
Background: Video-game play has been shown to significantly affect visuo-spatial cognition, working memory,executive functions and information processing speed. However, scientific literature comparing the cognitivefunctions in players of different video-game genres is very limited.Objectives: Aim of the present study was to assess and compare the impact of playing action or puzzlevideo-games on response speed, sustained attention and executive functions in young adults.Materials & Methods: Fifty players each of action video-game (AVG) and puzzle video-game (PVG) wererecruited from medical undergraduate batches of the Institute. Cognitive functions were assessed by usingLetter cancellation test (LCT), Trail making test A and B (TMT-A&B) and Ruff figural fluency test (RFT).Results: Players of AVG took significantly less time (p<0.05) to complete both LCT and TMT-A as comparedto players of PVG. However, they had significantly higher (p<0.05) LCT errors in comparison to puzzle video-gamers, as their number of omissions and commissions were more. Performance of both the groups wascomparable in TMT-B task. PVG players were able to draw significantly more (p<0.05) number of dissimilarpatterns in RFT as compared to AVG players.Conclusion: Results indicate that playing action or puzzle video-games had a differential impact on cognitivefunctions of gamers. Response-speed was better in AVG players whereas, sustained attention and executivefunctions were better in PVG players. Given that both sustained attention and executive functioning skillsunderpins many areas of our lives including occupational, social and educational settings, future effortsaimed at improving these critical abilities through specific genres of video-game play can surely be explored.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to evaluate the adequacy of seroconversion when Hepatitis B vaccine is given along with other vaccines at 0, 6 weeks (along with DPT and OPV) and at 9 months (along with measles). METHODS: 725 infants born to apparently healthy mothers were enrolled to receive the hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 6 weeks and 9 months (Group A) or at 0, 1 and 6 months as per WHO schedule--(Group B). Baseline HbsAg testing was carried out and the babies were immunized with the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 48 hours of birth. BCG and the other EPI vaccines were given as per schedule. Serum samples were collected 4 weeks after the second and the third immunizations. 604 infants (83.3%) completed the study. The testing for HbsAg and Anti Hbs titers were conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi utilizing standard ELISA kits. RESULTS: The seroconversion rates 4 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine were 90.89% (GMT = 48.23) and 91.82% (GMT = 43.95) (P=0.8) in Group A and Group B respectively. After 4 weeks of the third dose the seroconversion rates were 98.99 (GMT = 161.12) and 98.45 (GMT = 150.12) (p=0.17) in Group A and Group B respectively. The two schedules were comparable on using the Kruskal-Wallis H method for analysis. CONCLUSION: The schedule of hepatitis B vaccination at 0, 6 weeks and 9 months has the same seroefficacy as the currently recommended schedule of 0, 1 and 6 months.